【概 况】 中国位于亚洲东部，太平洋西岸。疆域南起曾母暗沙，北至漠河附近的黑龙江上；西从帕米尔高原，东到黑龙江和乌苏里江汇流处。陆地面积约960万平方千米，东部和南部大陆海岸线1.8万多千米，内海和边海的水域面积约470多万平方千米。中国同14个国家接壤，与8个国家海上相邻：东北与朝鲜接壤，东北、西北与俄罗斯、哈萨克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦、塔吉克斯坦为邻，正北方是蒙古国，西部毗邻阿富汗、巴基斯坦，西南与印度、尼泊尔、不丹相接，南面有缅甸、老挝和越南。
2004年末，中国总人口是12亿9988万。中国是统一的多民族国家，有56个民族：汉族、蒙古族、满族、朝鲜族、赫哲族、达斡尔族、鄂温克族、鄂伦春族、回族、东乡族、土族、撒拉族、保安族、裕固族、维吾尔族、哈萨克族、柯尔克孜族、锡伯族、塔吉克族、乌孜别克族、俄罗斯族、塔塔尔族、藏族、门巴族、珞巴族、羌族、彝族、白族、哈尼族、傣族、僳僳族、佤族、拉祜族、纳西族、景颇族、布朗族、阿昌族、普米族、怒族、德昂族、独龙族、基诺族、苗族、布依族、侗族、水族、仡佬族、壮族、瑶族、仫佬族、毛南族、京族、土家族、黎族、畲族、高山族。
中华人民共和国成立于1949年10月1日。首都是北京。
【政 区】 根据《中华人民共和国宪法》规定，中华人民共和国的行政区域划分如下：（一）全国分为省、自治区、直辖市；（二）省、自治区分为自治州、县、自治县、市；（三）县、自治县分为乡、民族乡、镇。直辖市和较大的市分为区、县。自治州分为县、自治县、市。自治区、自治州、自治县都是民族自治地方。并规定“国家在必要时得设立特别行政区”：1997年7月1日，中国政府恢复对香港行使主权，设立香港特别行政区；1999年12月20日，中国政府恢复对澳门行使主权，设立澳门特别行政区。目前中国有34个省级行政区，即4个直辖市、23个省、5个自治区、2个特别行政区。
截至2004年12月31日，全国县级以上行政区划共有：23个省，5个自治区，4个直辖市，2个特别行政区；50个地区（州、盟）；661个市，其中：直辖市4个；地级市283个；县级市374个；1636个县（自治县、旗、自治旗、特区和林区）；852个市辖区。总计：省级34个，地级333个，县级2862个。
【地 形】 中国地势西高东低。各类地形占全国陆地总面积的百分比是：山地约33％，高原约26％，盆地约19％，平原约12％，丘陵约10％。习惯所说的山区，包括山地、丘陵和比较崎岖的高原，约占全国面积的三分之二。山脉走向以纬向（东西）和新华夏向（东北—西南）两种方向最为普遍。全国主要山脉有阿尔泰山、天山、昆仑山、喀喇昆仑山、祁连山、冈底斯山、喜马拉雅山、阴山、秦岭、南岭、大兴安岭、长白山、太行山、武夷山、台湾山脉和横断山等。以上山脉的分布构成中国地形的基本骨架。中国地势自西向东可以分为三级阶梯。西南部有世界上最高大的青藏高原，平均海拔4000米以上，素有“世界屋脊”之称，是地势最高的一级；珠穆朗玛峰海拔8844.43米，为世界第一高峰。在此以北以东的内蒙古、新疆地区、黄土高原、四川盆地和云贵高原，是中国地势的第二级阶梯，海拔1000—2000米。大兴安岭—太行山—巫山—武陵山—雪峰山—线以东至海岸线多为海拔在200米以下的平原和1000米以下的丘陵，是第三级阶梯。海岸线以东以南的大陆架，蕴藏着丰富的海底资源。海域分布有大小岛屿7600个，其中台湾岛最大，面积35798平方千米，其次为海南岛，第三是崇明岛。
China is located in the east of Asia and on the West Bank of the Pacific Ocean. The territory of South cengmuansha, near Mohe County to the north of Heilongjiang; the West from the Pamir Plateau, east to Heilongjiang and Wusuli River confluence. The land area is about 9 million 600 thousand square kilometers, the eastern and southern continental coastlines are more than 18 thousand kilometers, and the water area of the inland sea and the edge sea is about about 4700000 square kilometers. Chinese borders with 14 countries, and 8 countries adjacent sea: northeast border with North Korea, northeast, northwest, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia and Tajikistan. It is just north of Mongolia, adjacent to the western Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India to the southwest, Nepal, Bhutan phase, south of Burma, Laos and vietnam.
At the end of 2004, the total population of China was 1 billion 299 million 880 thousand. China is a unified multi-ethnic country, with 56 nationalities: Han, Mongolian, Manchu, Korean, Hezhen, Daur, Ewenki, Oroqen, Hui, Dongxiang, Tu, Sala, Baoan and Yugu, Uygur, Kazak, Kirgiz, Xibe Nationality Karl, Tajik, Uzbek Buick, Russian, Tatar, Tibetan, Monba, Lhoba, Qiang, Yi, Bai, Hani, Dai, WA, Lahu, Lisu, Naxi nationality, Jingpo nationality, Brown, Achang, Pumi, Nu, Deang, Derung, Jinuo, Miao, Buyi, Dong, Shui, Gelao, Zhuang, Yao, Mulao, Maonan, Jing nationality, Tujia, Li, she, gaoshan.
People's Republic of China was founded in October 1, 1949. The capital is Beijing.
[political] according to the "People's Republic of China constitution" stipulates that administrative division of People's Republic of China are as follows: (a) the country is divided into provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government; (two) provinces and autonomous regions are divided into autonomous prefectures, counties, autonomous counties and cities; (three) counties and autonomous counties are divided into townships, nationality townships, town. The municipalities directly under the central government and the larger cities are divided into districts and counties. Autonomous prefectures are divided into counties, autonomous counties and cities. Autonomous regions, autonomous prefectures and autonomous counties are national autonomous areas. And stipulates that "the state must establish a special administrative region if necessary": in July 1, 1997, the Chinese government resumed the exercise of sovereignty over Hongkong and set up the Hongkong Special Administrative Region. In December 20, 1999, the Chinese government resumed its exercise of sovereignty over Macao and established the Macao Special Administrative Region. At present, there are 34 provincial administrative regions in China, that is, 4 municipalities, 23 provinces, 5 autonomous regions and 2 special administrative regions.
As of December 31, 2004, above the county level administrative divisions: there are 23 provinces, 5 autonomous regions, 4 municipalities and 2 special administrative regions; 50 districts (prefectures and leagues); 661, of which: 4 municipalities directly under the central government; 283 prefecture level cities; 374 county-level city, 1636 counties; (Autonomous County, flag, flag, and the autonomous region); 852 districts. Total: 34 at the provincial level, 333 at the level, 2862 at the county level.
The terrain of China is high in the West and low in the East. The percentage of landforms in the total land area of the country is about 33% in the mountains, about 26% in the plateau, about 19% in the basin, about 12% in the plain, and about 10% in the hills. The mountain areas, including mountainous, hilly and rugged plateau, account for about 2/3 of the country's area. The mountains tend to be the most common in two directions: weft - and - West (East - West) and xinhuaxi (Northeast - southwest). The mountains are the main al Taishan, Tianshan, Kunlun Mountains, Karakorum, Qilian Mountains, Himalaya Range, Mount Kailash, Yinshan, Qinling Mountains, Nanling, Greater Khingan Range, Changbai Mountain, Taihang Mountain, Wuyishan, the Taiwan mountains and the Hengduan Mountains etc.. The distribution of the above mountains constitutes the basic skeleton of the Chinese terrain. The Chinese terrain can be divided into three steps from the west to the East. The Southwest has the tallest Qinghai Tibet Plateau in the world, averaging 4000 meters above sea level. It is known as the "roof of the world". It is the highest level. The Mount Qomolangma is 8844.43 meters above sea level, the highest peak in the world. In the east of Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Loess Plateau, Sichuan basin and Yunnan Guizhou Plateau, it is the second step of China's topography, with an elevation of 1000 to 2000 meters. Greater Khingan Range - Taihang Mountain - Wushan - Wuling Xuefeng to the east coast line is at an elevation of 200 meters and 1000 meters below the hilly plain, is third steps. The continental shelf to the south of the coastline is rich in seabed resources. There are 7600 large and small islands in the sea area, of which Taiwan island is the largest, the area is 35798 square kilometers, the second is Hainan Island, and the third is Chongming Island.
